Nebulized magnesium sulphate versus nebulized sallbutomol in acute bronchial asthma

The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of nebulized magnesium sulphate as a bronchodilator in acute asthma as compared to nebulized salbutamol. This was a randomized controlled study conducted in El-Giza Chest Hospital Emergency Department between January 2010 and June 2011. Randomization was achieved by closed envelope technique. This study involved 48 known bronchial asthma patients presenting with acute or subacute exacerbations. Patients were divided into Control group [A] and Study group [B]. Initial assessment of all patients included history, clinical examination [auscultation, respiratory rate [RR], heart rate [HR] and working of accessory muscles]. In addition to measurement of peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR] and oxygen saturation [SO2]. Patients received standard treatment for their acute attacks in the form of Sodium hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100 mg every 6 hours, Supplemental oxygen and nebulized bronchodilator which was salbutamol in group [A] in the form of 4 doses of nebulized solution 0.5 gm% [each dose 1 ml containing 5 mg salbutamol] twenty minutes apart and Magnesium sulphate in group [B] in the form of 4 doses of nebulized solution 10 gm% [each dose 1 ml containing 100 mg magnesium sulphate] twenty minutes apart. Reassessment of the patients was performed after 2 hours to detect improvement. The percent change in PEFR in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B [58.90% and 13.92% respectively, p value 0.00]. There was a statistically significant reduction in the final mean HR in Group B compared to Group A [85 bpm and 96.1 bpm respectively, p value 0.011]. There was a significant reduction in mean final RR in Group A compared to Group B [22.17 bpm. and 25 bpm respectively, p value 0.002].There was a significant increase in oxygen saturation [SO2] in both groups. The use of MgSO4 by nebulization in patients with acute asthma attacks results in improvement of clinical condition, increase in peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR], reduction in heart rate [HR], reduction in respiratory rate [RR] and improvement in oxygen saturation [SO2]. The increase in PEFR [bronchodilatory effect] was significantly less than that achieved in patients receiving the usual treatment with Short acting beta 2 agonists, e.g. salbutamol, when either agents were used alone

Reaction products of ferrous ions with O-phennthroline and fluorescein derivative and some analytical applications

The reaction between the ferrous metal ions, o-phenanthroline, neocuproine, bathophenanthroline as primary ligands [L1] and fluorescein [FlCOOH], 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein [Cl2FlCOOH] and 4',5'-dibromofluorescein [Br2FlCOOH] as secondary ligands were investigated. Orange colored ternary complexes are formed between the ferrous metal ions and the ligands. The chemical formula [M[L1]2]2+[Br2FlCOO-]- and [M[Ll]2]2+[Cl2FlCOO-]- were proposed for the reaction product between the coordinated metals and the secondary. The absorbance characteristics of the formed ternary complexes were determined. The interferences of the ions with the determination of Fe[III], Co[II] and Ni[II] in the same alloys, e.g. the nimonic series, ferrochrome, iron-mining fields and in freshwater were investigated. Simple, rapid and inexpensive methods for the spectrophotometric microdetermination of the studied metals were proposed and the methods were successfully applied in analysis of samples. The developed methods are most suitable in laboratories where the expensive instruments are unavailable

Evaluation of acute isovolemic hemodilution with halothane-induced hypotension in pediatric anesthesia

The effects of combined acute isovolemic hemodilution and halothane induced hypotension on some hemodynamic parameters, arterial blood gases, acid-base status and the operative blood loss were studied in 20 children scheduled for major intraabdominal operations. The blood was withdrawn via the central venous line and simultaneously replaced with three times the volume of Ringer's lactate solution. Autologous blood was reinfused either when the hematocrit value dropped to 15% or otherwise at within mean arterial blood pressure range from 54.30 +/- 1.88 to 65.77 +/- 2.08 torr. The minimal mean hemoglobin concentration value was 6.20 +/- 0.09 g/dl with a corresponding mean hematocrit value of 20.1 +/- 1.90%. The mean PaO2 [on 100% O2] dropped significantly during the hemodilution to the minimal mean value of 385.8 +/- 11.55 torr [p <0.05] and postoperatively to the mean value 386.5 +/- 10.99 torr [p <0.05]. PaCO2, standard bicarbonate, base deficit and pH were unchanged. No single case needed homologous transfusion. In conclusion, the combined isovolemic hemodilution and halothane-induced hypotension is a safe and reliable technique for reducing the intraoperative bleeding. It can be employed as one component of blood conservation program

pattern of admission to Jeddah Psychiatric Hospital

We studied all the case notes of patients admitted to Jeddah Psychiatric Hospital in a period of 1 year, aiming at delineating the pattern of admission and the related sociocultural factors. In spite of the difficulties and drawbacks inherent in such retrospective studies on hospital populations, few, but albeit, significant intrasample differences emerged due to sex. In contrast to the universal excess of females among psychiatric patients, we found males always outnumbering females with a ratio of 2 to 1 as out-patients and in-patients. Females were also found to have a better chance of getting married in the presence of mental illness, but showed higher rates of divorce. Other significant differences due to sex were the length of stay in hospital per index admission and the nature of symptoms prevailing in the period immediately before admission

Comparative studies of the group III: a elementsion association with fluorescein derivativesandaliphatic amines and spectrophotometric determination of these elements

Formations of the coloured ion-associates of M-aliphatic amine cationic chelate complex [M-L1]3+ with fluorescein derivatives [L[2]] have been studied. The molar ratio of the components of these compounds has been determined and the formula [M[L[1]2]3+.[L[2]][2-] is pro-posed. Effect of the aliphatic amines and the metal on the formation of the ternary ion-associates was described. The characteristics of these ion-associates were determined. The possible interferences from foreign ions was also carefully investigated. Simple, rapid and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of the group III-A elements was developed